DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY & CORRECTIONAL SERVICES

FUNCTIONS

From 2003 to 2007, the Department conducted its work in four main areas: Administration; Operations; Property Services; and Treatment Services. In July 2007, Operations was abolished, and the main divisions of the Department including Correction, Parole and Probation, and Pretrial Detention and Services report directly to the Secretary. At the same time, Property Services reformed as Capital Programs (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 2-101 through 2-201).

Hampton Plaza, 300 East Joppa Road, Towson, Maryland, May 2004. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

OFFICE OF SECRETARY

Appointed by the Governor with Senate advice and consent, the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services is responsible for carrying out the Governor's policies in the areas of public safety, crime prevention, correction, parole, and probation (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 2-101 through 2-118).

The Secretary chairs the Correctional Training Commission, the Maryland State Council for Interstate Adult Offender Supervision, and the Task Force on Prison Re-entry, and co-chairs the Education and Workforce Training Coordinating Council for Correctional Institutions. The Secretary also serves on the Governor's Executive Council; the Asbestos Oversight Committee; the Cease Fire Council; the State Commission on Criminal Sentencing Policy; the Maryland State Drug and Alcohol Abuse Council; the Governor's Family Violence Council; the Governor's Interagency Council on Homelessness; the Maryland Pandemic Influenza Coordinating Committee; the Interdepartmental Advisory Committee for Minority Affairs; the Pricing Committee for Blind Industries and Services of Maryland; the Pricing and Selection Committee for the Employment Works Program; the Police Training Commission; the Task Force to Study Prison Violence in Maryland; the Sexual Offender Advisory Board; the Vehicle Theft Prevention Council; and the State Board of Victim Services.

HANDGUN PERMIT REVIEW BOARD
6776 Reisterstown Road, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21215 - 2341

The Handgun Permit Review Board formed in 1972 (Chapter 13, Acts of 1972). Any person whose application for a handgun permit or renewal of a permit has been rejected or whose permit has been revoked or limited may ask the Board to review the decision of the Secretary of State Police. The Board can either sustain, reverse, or modify the decision of the Secretary, or conduct a hearing to establish the facts.

The Governor appoints the Board's five members to three-year terms with Senate advice and consent (Code Public Safety Article, secs. 5-301 through 5-314).

SEXUAL OFFENDER ADVISORY BOARD
The Sexual Offender Advisory Board was established within the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services in June 2006 (Chapter 4, Acts of 2006 Special Session). The Board reviews Maryland's laws and those of other states and jurisdictions that concern sexual offenders, as well as the practices and procedures for supervising and monitoring sexual offenders which currently are used by the Maryland Parole Commission and the Division of Parole and Probation. The Board also evaluates technology that tracks offenders; reviews developments in assessing and treating sexual offenders; formulates standards for such treatment based on current and evolving best practices; and certifies treatment programs that comply with the standards. Finally, the Board provides training to sexual offender management teams within the Department.

Of the Board's thirteen members, the Governor appoints eight to four-year terms. Five serve ex officio (Code Public Safety Article, sec. 1-401).

OFFICE OF EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
6776 Reisterstown Road, Suite 311B, Baltimore, MD 21215

The Office of Equal Employment Opportunity started in 1989 as the Office of Minority Business Enterprise and Equal Opportunity. It reorganized under its present name in July 2007 when the Minority Business Enterprise Program transferred to Capital Programs. The Office establishes and maintains equality of opportunity within the Department. In addition, the Office assures the Department's compliance with civil rights laws, mandates, and regulations, including the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, the Veterans' Rights Act, and the Ethics Law.

MARYLAND PAROLE COMMISSION

The Maryland Parole Commission started in 1914 as the Advisory Board of Parole (Chapter 500, Acts of 1914). In 1922, Board functions were assumed by the Parole Commissioner (Chapter 29, Acts of 1922). The Board of Parole and Probation succeeded the Parole Commissioner in 1939 (Chapter 406, Acts of 1939). In 1968, the Board of Parole and Probation reformed as the Board of Parole (Chapter 457, Acts of 1968). It was replaced by the Maryland Parole Commission in 1976 (Chapter 540, Acts of 1976).

Having served one-fourth of the term or consecutive terms in confinement, a prisoner is considered for parole if sentenced to a term of six months or more under jurisdiction of the Division of Correction, or any other place of confinement or detention for violators of State criminal laws. This includes local jails and detention centers.

The Commission has exclusive power to hear certain serious cases for parole release and to conduct hearings for revocation of parole. The Commission can issue warrants for the return to custody of alleged violators of parole and can suspend or revoke parole upon a showing of its violation.

To hear certain cases for parole release, the Commission uses hearing examiners. Decisions of the examiners, if concurred with by the Commission on summary review, become final. A final decision of the examiner may be appealed to a panel of Commission members for review upon the record. The decision of the appeal panel is final.

The Commission may ask the Division of Parole and Probation, the Division of Correction, or the Division of Pretrial Detention and Services to make investigations to help determine the advisability of granting parole. The Commission evaluates information from the Division of Parole and Probation on the behavior of parolees. In addition, the Commission directs the Division of Parole and Probation to conduct investigations from which recommendations are made to the Governor on pardons, commutations of sentences, and parole of persons sentenced to life imprisonment.

Tri-party contracts for the release on parole of an inmate at a predetermined future date, and upon the fulfillment of conditions specified in the contract may be negotiated and executed by the Commission. Signatories to such mutual agreements are the Maryland Parole Commission, the Commissioner of Correction, and the inmate.

The Commission's ten members are appointed to six-year terms by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services with the Governor's approval and Senate advice and consent. With the Governor's approval, the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services names the chair (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 7-201 through 7-208).

CHIEF OF STAFF

COMMISSION ON CORRECTIONAL STANDARDS
115 Sudbrook Lane, Suite 200, Pikesville, MD 21208 - 3878

The Commission on Correctional Standards formed in 1980 to improve standards for correctional facilities and programs and to ensure compliance with standards for the public health, safety, and welfare (Chapter 535, Acts of 1980). The Commission advises the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services on standards for State and local correctional facilities; provides technical assistance to local governments; audits facilities to determine compliance with correctional standards; and determines schedules for remedial action of jurisdictions that do not comply. After a public hearing, the Commission may order a correctional facility to close if it does not comply with established standards. The Commission also reviews and acts on appeals of staff audit reports.

To make State and national standards compatible, the Commission consults with national agencies promulgating correctional standards. The Commission also may consult and cooperate with State agencies and local jurisdictions on correctional standards and may establish advisory boards.

Eleven members constitute the Commission. Eight are appointed for three-year terms by the Governor with Senate advice and consent. Three serve ex officio. With the approval of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Commission appoints the Executive Director (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 8-106 through 8-117).

POLICE & CORRECTIONAL TRAINING COMMISSIONS
c/o Public Safety Education & Training Center, 6852 Fourth St., Sykesville, MD 21784

POLICE TRAINING COMMISSION
Created in 1966, the Police Training Commission operates approved police training schools (Chapter 286, Acts of 1966). Subject to the authority of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Commission also prescribes standards for and certifies schools that offer police and security training. It may revoke a school's certification for cause. The Commission sets minimum qualifications for instructors and certifies qualified instructors for approved training schools. It verifies which officers have satisfactorily completed training programs, and issues diplomas (Code Public Safety Article, sec. 3-209).

The Commission certifies persons as police officers who have met Commission standards. Under certain conditions, it also can suspend or revoke certification. Persons not satisfactorily trained in the twelve-month probationary period may not be employed as police officers. Nor may a police officer serve after certification has been revoked, suspended, or allowed to lapse.

The Police Training Commission consists of fifteen members. Twelve serve ex officio. With Senate advice and consent, the Governor appoints three members to three-year terms. With the approval of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Commission appoints the Executive Director (Code Public Safety Article, secs. 3-201 through 3-218).

CORRECTIONAL TRAINING COMMISSION
Authorized in 1971, the Correctional Training Commission operates approved correctional training schools (Chapter 213, Acts of 1971). Subject to the authority of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Commission also prescribes standards for and certifies all schools that offer training courses in corrections, parole, and probation. It may revoke a school's certification for cause. Correctional training methods and procedures for all correctional schools are evaluated by the Commission. In addition, the Commission outlines qualifications for instructors and certifies qualified instructors for approved training schools. Correctional officers who have satisfactorily completed training are certified by the Commission.

The Correctional Training Commission has fourteen members. Eight serve ex officio. With Senate advice and consent, the Governor appoints four correctional officers or officials for three-year terms. The Maryland Higher Education Commission appoints a president of a college or university in the State with a correctional training curriculum, and the Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons names a representative. Chaired by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Commission appoints the Executive Director with the Secretary's approval (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 8-203 through 8-210).

INMATE GRIEVANCE OFFICE
115 Sudbrook Lane, Suite 200, Pikesville, MD 21208 - 3878

The Inmate Grievance Office originated as the Inmate Grievance Commission in 1971 to adjudicate inmate grievances and complaints (Chapter 210, Acts of 1971). The Commission reorganized under its present name in 1991 (Chapter 251, Acts of 1991).

Any person confined to an institution within the Division of Correction, or otherwise in the custody of the Commissioner of Correction, or confined to Patuxent Institution, may submit any grievance or complaint against any official or employee of the Division of Correction or Patuxent Institution to the Inmate Grievance Office. A grievance or complaint that merits further consideration is referred to the Office of Administrative Hearings.

With the approval of the Governor, the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services appoints the Executive Director (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 10-201 through 10-210).

OFFICE OF PLANNING, POLICY, REGULATIONS, & STATISTICS
Hampton Plaza, 300 East Joppa Road, Suite 1000, Towson, MD 21286 - 3020

The Office of Planning, Policy, Regulations, and Statistics began as the Division of Research and Statistics organized in 1981. In April 2003, that division merged with the Office of Policy, Planning, and Regulation to form the Office of Planning, Policy, Regulations, and Statistics. The Office develops, maintains, and monitors statistics; develops databases for research; and reviews, develops, and provides technical assistance for information systems. In addition to data analysis and statistical research, the Office now provides leadership and technical expertise for regulation and policy development; coordinates strategic planning departmentwide; and is responsible for Managing for Results, the Secretary's directives, and departmental oversight and input for the Code of Maryland Regulations.

ADMINISTRATION

Administration oversees four divisions: Financial Services; Human Resources and Labor Relations; Information Technology and Communications; and Procurement Services. Administration also is responsible for the Emergency Number Systems Board, the Sundry Claims Board, and two offices: Inspector General; and Property Management Services.

EMERGENCY NUMBER SYSTEMS BOARD
115 Sudbrook Lane, Suite 201, Pikesville, MD 21208 - 3878

The Emergency Number Systems Board formed in 1979 (Chapter 730, Acts of 1979). The Board coordinates installation and enhancement of county 911 systems, which are emergency telephone number services. A "911 system" automatically connects a person dialing the digits 9-1-1 on a telephone to a public safety answering point from which police, fire, ambulance or other public safety services may be dispatched on a 24-hour basis. Since July 1, 1985, all counties and Baltimore City have had a "911 system" installed. Since 1996, all have had enhanced systems with address and phone number displays.

By July 1, 2004, the Board was required to develop an implementation schedule for the deployment of wireless enhanced 911 service.

For county 911 system plans, the Board issues planning guidelines. Further, it determines review procedures to approve or disapprove plans submitted by counties and requests for variations. The Board sets criteria for reimbursing counties from the original 911 Trust Fund and from ongoing funds, and provides for audit of Trust Fund accounts. All 911-related information and procedures are transmitted by the Board to the county executive and county council, or to the president of the board of county commissioners of each county and/or its designated 911 committee representative.

The Board's seventeen members are appointed to four-year terms by the Governor with Senate advice and consent. The Governor names the chair (Code Public Safety Article, secs. 1-301 through 1-312).

SUNDRY CLAIMS BOARD
115 Sudbrook Lane, Suite 200, Pikesville, MD 21208 - 3878

In 1961, the Sundry Claims Board was established (Chapter 440, Acts of 1961). The Board administers claims filed by any prisoner who has been injured on the job while working for compensation in the Division of Correction or Patuxent Institution.

Three ex officio members or their designees serve on the Board. The Governor names the chair and secretary (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 10-301 through 10-310).

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION

The Information Technology and Communications Division originated as the Division of Data Services in 1970. The Division received its present name in June 1997.

For the Department, the Division builds and manages an information technology infrastructure. Computer systems that collect, store, and disseminate criminal history record information are designed, programmed, and operated by the Division. It also provides management information services to the Department and other criminal justice agencies in Maryland. The Division maintains secure application systems for sensitive data, such as the Sex Offender Registry Database, and the Maryland Automated Fingerprint Identification System (MAFIS).

The Division develops and manages components of the statewide Criminal Justice Information System. The Division oversees Administration, the Criminal Justice Information System Central Repository; Development, Operations, and Technology; Enterprise Infrastructure Services; Law Enforcement and Criminal History Applications; Offender Management and Business Innovation; the Program Management Office; and Quality Assurance. The Division also is responsible for maintaining the Arrest Booking System, first implemented in 1995 at the Central Booking and Intake Center in Baltimore, and now also used at eight other sites, including Frederick, Harford, Howard and Montgomery counties.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM
6776 Reisterstown Road, Baltimore, MD 21215 - 2341

The Criminal Justice Information System began in 1976 (Chapter 239, Acts of 1976). It is a statewide information system for the Maryland criminal justice community, including the courts; local, State and federal law enforcement agencies; local detention centers; State prisons; State's attorneys; and parole and probation officers. The System provides official records on persons arrested and convicted in Maryland. Through the Maryland Automated Fingerprint Identification System, individuals are identified and linked to their criminal history records (Code Criminal Procedure Article, secs. 10-201 through 10-204).

CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM CENTRAL REPOSITORY
1201 Reisterstown Road, Building G, Pikesville, MD 21208

The same law which mandated establishment of the Criminal Justice Information System also called for a central repository (Chapter 239, Acts of 1976). In 1977, the Criminal Records Central Repository was started. Also once known as the State Central Criminal Records Bureau, it became the Criminal Justice Information System Central Repository in 1989.

The Repository receives and screens applications for criminal history background checks for criminal justice, employment and licensing purposes. As part of their employment process, government agencies alone request over 200,000 criminal history background checks per year. Private employers may petition for, and (if they meet certain criteria) may receive background checks on prospective employees. In Maryland, persons employed in licensed day-care settings and persons applying for a visa to enter a foreign country to adopt a child must have a criminal history record check.

The Repository receives and processes electronic and manual fingerprint images. When ordered by a court, the Repository also expunges criminal records (Code Criminal Procedure Article, secs. 10-207 through 10-229).

DEVELOPMENT, OPERATIONS, & TECHNOLOGY
Development, Operations, and Technology started in Fiscal Year 1987 as Management Information Systems. It became Systems Applications in 1997, and reorganized in 2004 as Application Services. The unit reformed under its present name in July 2007.

Development, Operations, and Technology is responsible for information processing services throughout the Department. The unit designs, implements, and maintains all Department information systems used for criminal justice and noncriminal justice purposes. It provides systems administration support, computer programming services, and user training to Department staff.

DATA CENTER & CALL CENTER SERVICES
1201 Reisterstown Road, Building G, Pikesville, MD 21208

Data Center and Call Center Services first formed as the Public Safety Data Center in 1970. It reformed under its present name in July 2007. For law enforcement and correctional agencies within Maryland, this office processes public safety and criminal justice information. The Center provides computer processing services to the Department of State Police, the Division of Correction, the Division of Parole and Probation, Patuxent Institution, and several federal and local criminal justice agencies. Data transmission between these agencies and the Motor Vehicle Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System also is provided by the Center.

ENTERPRISE INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
Formerly Network and Telecommunication Services, Enterprise Infrastructure Services is responsible for voice, video and data transmission services. It also implements network disaster recovery procedures, and plans and tests hardware and software support of total infrastructure.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS
6776 Reisterstown Road, Baltimore, MD 21215 - 2341

Telecommunications is responsible for the purchase, installation, maintenance, and inventory control of telecommunications equipment and services within the Department.

PUBLIC SAFETY EDUCATION & TRAINING CENTER

The Public Safety Education and Training Center opened on November 30, 2004. The Center serves both State and local law enforcement and correctional agencies.

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

In May 1987, the Office of Inspector General was authorized as the Division of Audits and Compliance, an independent unit within the Office of Secretary. The Division was established by the Secretary in compliance with the Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (SPPIA), which require every internal audit unit to have a written charter (Code Correctional Services Article, sec. 2-112). In 1993, the Division reorganized as the Office of Inspector General with units for audits, investigations, and management services.

Objective review of agency facilities, property, equipment, personnel, administration, and operations is ensured by the Office. To assist the Secretary in evaluating each unit's management, the Office conducts financial, performance, program and grant audits or inspections within the Department.

In practice, the Office achieves its purpose through ongoing audit, inspection, investigation, monitoring, and periodic reporting of all Department functions. On matters requiring corrective action, the Office reports to the Secretary, primarily through fiscal and management audit reports. These reports assess compliance of units with applicable laws, regulations, directives, procedures, and standards, and recommend corrective action for any deficiency.

OFFICE OF PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SERVICES

The Office coordinates administration of the Department's fixed assets, motor vehicle fleet, property inventory, and commercially leased space.

CAPITAL PROGRAMS

Capital Programs began as the Division of Support Services, became Property Services in March 2003, and reorganized under its present name in July 2007. Capital Programs includes four offices: Capital Construction and Facilities Maintenance; Emergency Operations; Environmental Management; and Real Estate Management Services. Capital Programs also is responsible for the Minority Business Enterprise Program.

OFFICE OF CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION & FACILITIES MAINTENANCE

Units of the Office of Capital Construction and Facilities Maintenance began in 1990 under the Deputy Secretary as the Division of Capital Construction, and the Division of Facilities Maintenance. Both divisions combined in 1997 to form the present office.

Construction and related services for State correctional facilities are procured by the Office. It also maintains Department facilities, including those of Patuxent Institution, the Police and Correctional Training Commissions, and institutions of the Division of Correction.

OFFICE OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

DIVISION OF CORRECTION

The Division of Correction administers State correctional facilities. The Division is responsible for Maryland Correctional Enterprises; the Maryland Reception, Diagnostic, and Classification Center; the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System; and eleven State prisons:

Eastern Correctional Institution (Westover)
Jessup Correctional Institution (formerly Maryland House of Correction Annex)
Maryland Correctional Adjustment Center (Baltimore)
Maryland Correctional Institution - Hagerstown
Maryland Correctional Institution - Jessup
Maryland Correctional Institution for Women - Jessup
Maryland Correctional Training Center (Hagerstown)
Metropolitan Transition Center (formerly Maryland Penitentiary) (Baltimore)
North Branch Correctional Institution (Cumberland)
Roxbury Correctional Institution - Hagerstown
Western Correctional Institution (Cumberland)

Annually, the Division of Correction houses roughly 25,000 inmates (FY2005 end-of-year population of 26,748). Of approximately 15,000 inmates released from custody every year, about 49 percent are re-committed within three years. To combat this recidivism, the Department began an initiative in 2003. Known as RESTART (Reentry Enforcement Services Targeting Addiction, Rehabilitation, and Treatment), the initiative has been piloted at two sites in the Division of Correction: the Maryland Correctional Training Center; and the Maryland Correctional Institution for Women-Jessup. The initiative emphasizes cognitive restructuring, academic training, vocational skills training, and substance abuse treatment. Cognitive restructuring is a therapy technique which changes negative thoughts and actions to positive thoughts and actions.

The Division of Correction dates to the nineteenth century when the first State prisons - the Maryland Penitentiary and the Maryland House of Correction - were erected. Prior to 1916, the two prisons were autonomous. Each operated under the jurisdiction of either a board of directors or a board of managers appointed by the Governor. In 1916, these institutions were placed under the State Board of Prison Control (Chapter 556, Acts of 1916). To administer the prisons, the Board of Welfare superseded the State Board of Prison Control in 1922 (Chapter 29, Acts of 1922). In 1939, the Department of Correction and the Board of Correction replaced the Board of Welfare (Chapter 69, Acts of 1939).

The Superintendent of Prisons became administrator of the Department of Correction in 1953 (Chapter 758, Acts of 1953). Policies and appointments for institutions under Department jurisdiction were made by the Board of Correction upon recommendation of the Superintendent of Prisons. In 1962, the Advisory Board of Corrections replaced the Board of Correction, and the Superintendent of Prisons was succeeded by the Commissioner of Correction (Chapter 123, Acts of 1962). The Department of Correction was renamed the Department of Correctional Services in 1968 (Chapter 137, Acts of 1968).

State correctional responsibilities were assigned to the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services in 1970 (Chapter 401, Acts of 1970). At that time, the Department of Correctional Services reorganized as the Division of Correction within the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services.

The Commissioner of Correction is appointed by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services with the approval of the Governor and Senate advice and consent (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 3-202 through 3-207). Under the Office of the Commissioner are: Administrative Services and Professional Development; Inmate Program Services; Regional Operations - Baltimore Region; Regional Operations - East; Regional Operations - West; and Security Operations.

CITIZENS' ADVISORY COMMITTEES
Citizens' Advisory Committees for correctional institutions report to the Commissioner of Correction and the Governor about concerns of citizens residing in the vicinity of each institution. Committees serve the regions around Baltimore, Cumberland, Hagerstown, Jessup, and Somerset County. The Committee for Somerset County has eight members and all other Committees have seven members appointed to three-year terms by the Governor (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 10-401 through 10-407).

YOUTHFUL OFFENDER INITIATIVE TASK FORCE
The Youthful Offender Initiative Task Force was formed by the Department in April 2003 to address the special needs of minors sentenced as adults to correctional institutions for adults. By November 2003, the Task Force will develop a plan that identifies and addresses issues of housing, treatment, education, release preparation, and re-entry for youthful offenders, as well as alternatives to incarceration.

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Administrative Services and Professional Development began as Administration and Special Programs, became Administrative Services and Professional Development in July 2004, became Administration and Special Projects in August 2006, and adopted its present name in October 2006. It is responsible for Finance, Food Services, Human Resources, and Property Management.

FOOD SERVICES
115 Sudbrook Lane, Suite 204, Pikesville, MD 21208 - 4199

Food Services originated from the Office of Property Management Services, initiated in 1993, and from Food Services formerly administered by the Division of Correction. They merged in 1997 to form the Office of Food and Property Services, separated in 1999, and became the Office of Food Services and the Office of Property Management Services again. In 2003, the Office of Food Services transferred back to the Division of Correction from the Office of Food and Property Services under the Assistant Secretary for Property Services.

INMATE PROGRAM SERVICES
6776 Reisterstown Road, Baltimore, MD 21215 - 2342

Under Division jurisdiction, correctional institutions classify inmates to determine how they should be confined and supervised. Once the security level of confinement has been determined, the specific conditions of confinement are evaluated for an inmate and, where appropriate, programs are offered in education, vocational training, employment, substance abuse counseling, and psychological and psychiatric intervention and security.

Prisons provide education, including elementary and secondary school instruction, advanced and specialized study, and vocational and on-the-job training. The instruction in pre-release units prepares inmates to obtain high school equivalency certificates. Prisons and pre-release units also offer programs for inmates to develop or relearn occupational skills. Inmates are assigned to a variety of maintenance tasks, as well as to the diversified State Use Industries Program. These programs provide goods and services needed by certain public agencies. For example, several prisons operate their own laundries which also serve other State facilities.

Work Release Program. Established in 1963, this program permits certain prisoners to leave confinement for work at gainful employment in the community (Chapter 285, Acts of 1963). They return to the institution at the end of the work day. In 1968, this privilege was extended for attending school (Chapter 551, Acts of 1968). Under certain conditions, the Commissioner of Correction may authorize special leave for prisoners to seek employment or participate in special community rehabilitation programs. Weekend leaves also may be granted under certain conditions (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 3-801 through 3-811).

Inmate Program Services directs eight units: Case Management; Commitment; Inmate Education; Inmate Hearings; Intake, Housing, and Transportation; Religious and Volunteer Services; Transition Services; and Victim Services.

REGIONAL OPERATIONS - BALTIMORE REGION
In June 2007, an Assistant Commissioner assumed responsibility for Baltimore City Correctional Center; Maryland Correctional Adjustment Center; Maryland Reception, Diagnostic and Classification Center; and Metropolitan Transition Center.

REGIONAL OPERATIONS - EAST
In July 2004, an Assistant Commissioner became responsible for Regional Operations - East, which includes oversight of four prisons: Eastern Correctional Institution; Jessup Correctional Institution; Maryland Correctional Institution - Jessup; Maryland Correctional Institution for Women; and the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System.

REGIONAL OPERATIONS - WEST
In July 2004, an Assistant Commissioner became responsible for Regional Operations - West to oversee six prisons: Maryland Correctional Institution - Hagerstown; Maryland Correctional Training Center; North Branch Correctional Institution; Roxbury Correctional Institution; and Western Correctional Institution. In October 2006, responsibility for certain Baltimore institutions transferred to the Assistant Commissioner, but in June 2007, the Baltimore institutions moved under an Assistant Commissioner responsible solely for the Baltimore region.

SECURITY OPERATIONS
Under Security Operations are Emergency Preparedness, Housing Coordination, Intelligence Coordination, the K-9 Unit, the Security Audit Team, Security Operations, and Technology.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL ENTERPRISES

Maryland Correctional Enterprises was established as State Use Industries under the Board of Correction in 1937 (Chapter 213, Acts of 1937). In 1970, the program was placed within the Division of Correction, and in 2005 renamed Maryland Correctional Enterprises (Chapter 124, Acts of 2005).

The program was designed to provide essential work and training for prisoners and to produce needed goods for State government with inmate labor.

At a cost that does not exceed the prevailing average market price, Maryland Correctional Enterprises supplies services and produces goods. These are used by municipal, county, State and federal institutions or agencies and those of other states. They also are available to any charitable, civic, educational, fraternal or religious association, institution, or agency for its own use and not for resale to others within one year of purchase (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 3-501 through 3-528).

Services supplied by Maryland Correctional Enterprises encompass construction, data entry, furniture restoration, mailing and distribution, moving, warehousing, and news clipping. Goods produced include a large selection of office furniture in traditional or contemporary wood; modular furniture; metal products, such as benches, carts, and shelving units; mattresses and pillows; and graphics, tags, and signs.

The Chief Executive Officer of Maryland Correctional Enterprises is assisted by two assistant general managers, one for Administration, and one for Operations. The agency is aided by the Maryland Correctional Enterprises Management Council.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
The Maryland Correctional Enterprises Management Council originated in 1981 as the State Use Industries Advisory Committee (Chapter 661, Acts of 1981). In 1999, it reorganized as the State Use Industries Management Council (Chapter 324, Acts of 1999). In 2005, it was renamed Maryland Correctional Enterprises (Chapter 124, Acts of 2005).

The Council recommends the establishment and maintenance of industrial plants and service centers within the Division of Correction to implement State Use Industries programs. Operated primarily with inmates, sites are run in a manner that benefits the State and provides training for inmates.

The Committee has fifteen members. Eight are appointed by the Governor (five of them to three-year terms); one is chosen by the Senate President; and one by the House Speaker. Two serve ex officio (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 3-517 through 3-523).

CUSTOMER COUNCIL
The Customer Council formed in 1999 to advise the General Manager of State Use Industries (Chapter 324, Acts of 1999). Consisting of eleven members, the Council includes eight representatives of government agencies, and three members appointed by the Governor. The Council is chaired by the General Manager (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 3-524 through 3-528).

MARYLAND RECEPTION, DIAGNOSTIC & CLASSIFICATION CENTER

The Maryland Reception, Diagnostic and Classification Center began in June 1967 as a reception center in the south wing of the Maryland Penitentiary (Chapter 695, Acts of 1967). At its present location, the Center opened in October 1981. Here, male inmates diagnostically are evaluated, classified, and assigned to an institution of the Division of Correction. A multi-level security facility, the seven-story Center has an estimated operating capacity of 779 inmates.

METROPOLITAN TRANSITION CENTER
(formerly Maryland Penitentiary)

For nearly two centuries, the Penitentiary's physical plant evolved to meet changing needs and penal philosophy. The original administration building and western dormitory were joined by a 5-tier eastern dormitory in 1829. To incorporate the Auburn system of discipline (work together in silence by day, confined in individual cells at night), three wings connected by corridors to a central octagonal pavilion were completed in 1836. A flurry of building (mostly of dormitories) from 1870 to 1878 alleviated overcrowding.

Metropolitan Transition Center (formerly Maryland Penitentiary), view from Eager St., Baltimore, Maryland, January 2000. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

A maximum-security section to confine prisoners under sentence of death and an execution chamber were included in the 1956 building. Since 1923, executions have taken place at the Penitentiary (Chapter 465, Acts of 1922). From 1923 to 1955, seventy-five men were executed by hanging in the old gallows chamber. From 1957 to 1962, four men died in the new gas chamber. Executions ceased in Maryland from June 1961 to May 1994. By statute, in 1994, the method of execution was changed from lethal gas to lethal injection (Chapter 5, Acts of 1994).

In February 1998, the Penitentiary reorganized as the Metropolitan Transition Center. The Center incarcerates short-term offenders where previously it had held those long-term prisoners requiring maximum security. Effective July 1, 2001, the Baltimore City Correctional Center, Baltimore Pre-Release Unit, and the Central Home Detention Unit transferred from the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System to the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Transition Center.

BALTIMORE CITY CORRECTIONAL CENTER
901 Greenmount Ave., Baltimore, MD 21202

With a capacity for 500 inmates, the Baltimore City Correctional Center opened in July 1984 as part of the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System. The Center houses male prisoners who require minimum security.

OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS TRAINING CENTER
920 North Forrest St., Baltimore, MD 21202

Following recommendations in the Action Agenda Plan for Maryland State Prisons, the Occupational Skills Training Center opened in February 1993. The Center provides reintegration services to Baltimore area prisoners to reduce recidivism and prepare inmates for productive and law-abiding lives. Services include skill training, employment-readiness training, and job placement. The Center is a partnership of the Division of Correction, Department of Business and Economic Development, State Department of Education, and Baltimore City Community College. Area colleges also participate.

The Center delivers employer-approved training and supportive services to inmates. Seven vocational areas are targeted: automotive services; graphic arts; health; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning; home improvement; office work; and warehousing and distribution. The Center is developing public-private partnerships with industry.

BALTIMORE PRE-RELEASE UNIT
926 Greenmount Ave., Baltimore, MD 21202

The Baltimore Pre-Release Unit opened in April 1981. The Unit was created from the merger of the Community Vocational Rehabilitation Center and the Greenmount Avenue Pre-Release Unit. The Baltimore Pre-Release Unit prepares inmates to return to the community. Unit programs and services emphasize job readiness training, work crews, work experience, and work release.

HOME DETENTION UNIT
2100 Guilford Ave., Baltimore, MD 21218

In 1990, the General Assembly authorized the Home Detention Program (Chapter 414, Acts of 1990). Started in January 1991, the Program allows carefully selected inmates to serve the last part of their sentences in the community. Inmates are monitored by an electronic anklet, periodic telephone voice-verification, and random visits by correctional staff. The Unit operates 24 hours a day, seven days per week, to enforce inmate compliance and provide rehabilitation services. The Program began with 40 inmates in Fiscal Year 1991 and, as of January 2001, has served over 21,000 inmates. Parolees and persons awaiting trial also are eligible for home detention.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL ADJUSTMENT CENTER

In 1989, the Maryland Correctional Adjustment Center opened under jurisdiction of the Maryland Penitentiary. In October 1997, the Center was made an independent unit under the Division of Correction.

The Center is a maximum-security prison for adult male offenders with adjustment problems. Located across the street from the Maryland Penitentiary, it functions as a satellite of the Penitentiary, housing the most violent criminals. The Center, known as Supermax, has an operating capacity for 370, one prisoner to a cell.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION - HAGERSTOWN

The Maryland Correctional Institution - Hagerstown is a medium-security prison for men in Washington County. Authorized in 1931 as the Maryland State Penal Farm (Chapter 366, Acts of 1931), it opened, after funding delays, in 1942. In 1945, the Penal Farm was replaced by the Maryland State Reformatory for Males (Chapter 519, Acts of 1945). The Reformatory was renamed Maryland Institution for Men in 1962, and Maryland Correctional Institution in 1964.

Additional housing has been added to the prison. The Western Program Development Center opened as an emergency housing unit of 420 beds in 1983.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL TRAINING CENTER

The Maryland Correctional Training Center, a medium-security institution, was authorized in 1966 (Chapter 385, Acts of 1966). The Center offers educational and vocational training to male inmates. Prisoners who are not amenable to rehabilitation remain in or are transferred to the Maryland Correctional Institution - Hagerstown.

On the grounds of the Maryland Correctional Training Center, a work release center occupies a separate building. The work release center has a rated capacity of 75 beds and houses those inmates on the Work Release Program and several inmates who are part of the institutional cadre. Another minimum security unit, opened in 1977, has a rated capacity of 128 beds.

ROXBURY CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

In Washington County, the Roxbury Correctional Institution is a 721-bed medium-security prison for men. It opened in 1980 as the Roxbury Emergency Housing Unit with a 128-bed capacity at the Maryland Correctional Institution-Hagerstown. As a separate facility, the Roxbury Correctional Institution opened in December 1983.

NORTH BRANCH CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

In Spring 2001, construction began on the first housing unit of a new maximum security prison at Cumberland. That first unit opened as a medium security housing unit for Western Correctional Institution in January 2003. The Gatehouse, Support Services Building, and the sewage pumping station were completed in 2005, while construction continued on Housing Unit 2. In March 2008, North Branch Correctional Institution officially opened with an operating capacity of 675 inmates.

WESTERN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

As a medium-security prison in Allegany County, Western Correctional Institution opened July 13, 1996. It was reauthorized as a maximum-security prison in July 2007. The Institution is designed to house 1,296 inmates with some 450 staff. Based on prototypes of the facilities at the Maryland House of Correction Annex in Jessup, housing consists of a 144-cell unit and three 192-cell units. Two of these units, along with support services, basic site work, utilities, and perimeter security were completed in 1996. The facility opened with the capacity to house 768 inmates. The remaining housing units were completed in 1997. Currently, it has an operating capacity of 1,760 inmates.

The Institution's central services - administration, maintenance, laundry, and warehouse - are set apart from inmate housing areas. Food is shipped from the Hagerstown central kitchen several times per week, with final preparations in the Institution's finishing kitchen. The perimeter security fence is maximum security.

JESSUP CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Opened in October 1991 as the Maryland House of Correction Annex, the Jessup Correctional Institution is a maximum-security facility, adjacent to the Maryland House of Correction. Formerly part of the Maryland House of Correction, it became a separate institution in February 1999, the Maryland House of Correction Annex. The Institution assumed its current name in July 2006.

The Institution consists of five housing units, each holding 192 cells. Designed for double bunks, these units include the statewide protective custody unit. The Institution also holds a segregation housing unit of 144 cells where inmates are isolated from the general prison population either as punishment, or voluntarily for their own protection. A support services building houses the dining room, education and vocational training, and medical services.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION - JESSUP

The Maryland Correctional Institution at Jessup opened in 1981 as an annex to the Maryland House of Correction. Now a separate facility, the Institution still shares certain services with the House of Correction. The Institution is a medium-security prison with an operating capacity of 1,038 adult male inmates serving sentences of three months or longer.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN - JESSUP

In the nineteenth century, women prisoners first were housed in quarters reserved for them at the Maryland Penitentiary. The Maryland House of Correction, opened in 1879, also was built with separate quarters for women. Although advocated by the Maryland Penitentiary Penal Commission in 1913, not until 1939 did the State construct a separate prison for women.

On land adjacent to the House of Correction, a separate prison for women was authorized in 1937 (Chapter 487, Acts of 1937). A grant from the federal Works Progress Administration augmented State funds and construction began in 1939. What is now the Maryland Correctional Institution for Women - Jessup received its first prisoners on October 1, 1940, and formally was established in 1941 as the Women's Prison of the State of Maryland (Chapter 71, Acts of 1941). The Prison was renamed Maryland State Reformatory for Women in 1945 (Chapter 520, Acts of 1945). In 1962, it became the Maryland Institution for Women and adopted its present name in 1964.

The Institution houses up to 890 female inmates with minimum, medium or maximum security.

The Reception-Diagnostic Classification Center at the Institution receives all adult women who have been convicted of felonies and misdemeanors and sentenced to the jurisdiction of the State for terms of six months to life. After classification at the Center, women inmates are transferred to a prison to complete their sentences.

BALTIMORE PRE-RELEASE UNIT FOR WOMEN
301 North Calverton Road, Baltimore, MD 21223

The Baltimore Pre-Release Unit for Women began in July 1975 as the Community Corrections Center for Women. In 1978, the Center was renamed the Pre-Release Unit for Women and placed under jurisdiction of the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 3-301 through 3-305). The Unit moved from 4500 Park Heights Avenue to its present site in July 1991. At that time, it was renamed Baltimore Pre-Release Unit for Women. It was placed under jurisdiction of the Maryland Correctional Institution for Women - Jessup in November 1999.

The Unit has a capacity for 100 inmates.

EASTERN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Located in central Somerset County, the Eastern Correctional Institution opened in 1987. The Institution is a medium-security prison for men built as two identical compounds (East and West) on a 620-acre tract. It has an operating capacity of 3,350 inmates, including a 400-bed minimum security annex.

MINIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND
(EASTERN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION ANNEX)
30430 Revells Neck Road, Westover, MD 21890 - 3368

In September 1993, the Minimum Security Compound opened as the Eastern Correctional Institution Annex. It is a 400-bed minimum-security facility under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Correctional Institution. The Compound consists of three housing units, one support building, and an outside recreation area. It is outside the secure perimeter of the Eastern Correctional Institution compound. In July 2006, a new 140-bed housing unit opened, with space for inmate programs relating to addictions, career development, parenting, and domestic violence.

POPLAR HILL PRE-RELEASE UNIT
P. O. Box 14, 24090 Nanticoke Road, Quantico, MD 21856 - 0014

Poplar Hill Pre-Release Unit was created in 1950. Formerly under the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System, the Poplar Hill Pre-Release Unit became part of Eastern Correctional Institution in November 1997. The Unit is 180-bed facility located on 40 acres in Wicomico County, about 25 miles from Eastern Correctional Institution.

Originally, the Unit provided inmate labor to the highway departments of Wicomico, Dorchester, Somerset and Worcester counties. Now, inmates at Poplar Hill provide public services through contracts with the State Highway Administration, Deer's Head Center, the Department of Natural Resources, and local governments.

In a renovated farm house on the premises, educational and employment readiness programs are conducted. Vocational programming is available through contract with the Somerset County Board of Education. Pre-release programming includes work release and family leave.

MARYLAND CORRECTIONAL PRE-RELEASE SYSTEM

The Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System operates units that provide work and other rehabilitation for prisoners. System facilities mainly house inmates in the Work Release Program (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 3-801 through 3-807). Before assignment to a pre-release unit, prisoners are screened carefully at the Maryland Reception, Diagnostic and Classification Center or at the institutions to which they are assigned. When possible, inmates are assigned to the pre-release unit nearest their home.

Minimum-security pre-release units originated in 1955 as public works camps (Chapter 266, Acts of 1955). These were camps designed to provide road or forestry work for prisoners outside penal institutions. The intent was to place more individuals outside of crowded institutions where they could work on public works projects that would benefit the State. By 1963, under the Work Release Law, the public works camps were called correctional camps (Code 1957, Art. 27, sec. 689(f); repealed by Chapter 412, Acts of 1997). The camps gave prisoners the opportunity to rehabilitate themselves by using occupational skills or acquiring new ones in preparation for their eventual release. In 1972, the camps were renamed community correctional centers (Chapter 464, Acts of 1972). Four years later, they reorganized as community adult rehabilitation centers (Chapter 234, Acts of 1976; Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 11-301 through 11-320). The centers transferred to the Correctional Pre-Release System in July 1978, and were renamed pre-release units in September 1978.

Within the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System are Brockbridge Correctional Facility (a medium-security institution), and two minimum-security units: Jessup Pre-Release Unit and Herman L. Toulson Correctional Boot Camp. The System also is responsible for three pre-release units: Central Laundry Pre-Release Unit, Southern Maryland Pre-Release Unit, and Eastern Pre-Release Unit.

Other pre-release units operate under the jurisdiction of the nearest correctional institution, in order to share resources. These include the Baltimore Pre-Release Unit, Baltimore Pre-Release Unit for Women, Harold E. Donnell Pre-Release Unit, and Poplar Hill Pre-Release Unit.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY

BROCKBRIDGE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY
P. O. Box 537
7931 Brock Bridge Road, Jessup, MD 20794 - 0537

The Brockbridge Correctional Facility originated as Sandy Point Correctional Camp. In 1966, the Camp relocated to Jessup as the Maryland Correctional Camp Center (Chapter 385, Acts of 1966). Renamed Brockbridge Correctional Facility, the Center was converted to a medium-security facility in 1979, and designated a minimum-security center in 1988. It serves as the reception center for the Maryland Correctional Pre-Release System. Inmates are housed here pending transfer to other units.

JESSUP PRE-RELEASE UNIT
P. O. Box 536
2000 Toulson Road, Jessup, MD 20794 - 0536

After the former Jessup Pre-Release Unit reorganized as the Herman L. Toulson Correctional Boot Camp in August 1990, a new Jessup Pre-Release Unit opened in September 1990. Under both minimum- and pre-release-security, the Unit offers education, job-readiness training, and work release. Inmates provide labor for Spring Grove Hospital Center, Crownsville Hospital Center, the State Police Barracks at Waterloo, and the Maryland State Agency for Surplus Property.

Designed for 420 male inmates, the Unit underwent construction in 1992 which increased capacity to 560 inmates.

HERMAN L. TOULSON CORRECTIONAL BOOT CAMP
P. O. Box 1425
2001 Toulson Road, Jessup, MD 20794 - 1425

The Herman L. Toulson Correctional Boot Camp originated as the Jessup Pre-Release Unit constructed in 1978. It reformed as the Herman L. Toulson Correctional Boot Camp in August 1990. The Camp was named after Herman L. Toulson, Jr., a correctional officer who was stabbed by an inmate in the south wing of the Maryland Penitentiary on October 6, 1984. It is located in Anne Arundel County within the complex of the Brockbridge Correctional Facility, Maryland Correctional Institute-Jessup, and Maryland Correctional Institution for Women.

A minimum-security institution, the Boot Camp is a setting where staff and inmates focus on changing behavior and confronting destructive attitudes. Through disciplined activities, Boot Camp enables inmates to examine and change their attitudes and values, confront their mistakes, and accept responsibility for their acts.

To be eligible for Boot Camp, inmates must be under 26 years of age, serving five years or less of their first adult incarceration, and not serving a sentence for a crime of violence. Inmates must volunteer for the program and be medically, physically and psychologically fit.

Boot Camp is based on strict discipline established through regimented physical training, military drill, and comprehensive rules and regulations. Inmates labor on State highways five days a week. On Saturdays, inmates work on special projects for local nonprofit organizations. The Boot Camp is maintained by the inmates. Academic school is mandatory each weekday evening. Counseling for substance abuse, decision-making, and behavior modification is available for each inmate. Daily, the Camp averages 300 inmates.

CARROLL COUNTY

CENTRAL LAUNDRY PRE-RELEASE UNIT
P. O. Box 394
7301 Buttercup Road, Sykesville, MD 21784 - 0394

The Central Laundry Facility formed in 1960 to serve the laundry needs of institutions under what is now the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Located at Springfield Hospital Center, the Unit also takes care of laundry for institutions of the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services and the Department of Juvenile Services. The Unit is a minimum-security institution.

CHARLES COUNTY

SOUTHERN MARYLAND PRE-RELEASE UNIT
P. O. Box 159
14320 Oaks Road, Charlotte Hall, MD 20622 - 0159

Southern Maryland Pre-Release Unit was dedicated in 1962. Approximately one-fourth of the men assigned to the unit are employed in the community through a work-release program. Other inmates labor in work details for the Natural Resources Police Force, the State Police Barracks at Waldorf and Prince Frederick, the Charles County Department of Public Works, the State Highway Administration, and the Maryland Veterans Cemetery at Cheltenham. The Unit can house 180 male inmates.

QUEEN ANNE'S COUNTY

EASTERN PRE-RELEASE UNIT
P. O. Box 122
700 Flat Iron Square Road, Church Hill, MD 21623 - 0122

Eastern Pre-Release Unit opened in 1964 in Queen Anne's County. From this Unit, inmates are assigned to work projects of the State Highway Administration and the State Police Barracks in Centreville and Annapolis, and to work details at the State House and Government House in Annapolis.

The Unit can house 180 male inmates in open-style dormitories. Educational, vocational, employment and release readiness programs are available to the prisoners as are recreational, religious and addictions programs.

DIVISION OF PAROLE & PROBATION

Functions of the Division of Parole and Probation date to 1914 when the Advisory Board of Parole was created to investigate applications for pardon and parole and report its findings to the Governor (Chapter 500, Acts of 1914). The Board was replaced by the Parole Commissioner in 1922 (Chapter 29, Acts of 1922). Duties of the Parole Commissioner were reorganized under the Division of Parole and Probation formed in 1939 to administer State parole and probation laws (Chapter 406, Acts of 1939). In 1953, the Division was renamed the Department of Parole and Probation (Chapter 653, Acts of 1953). The Department in 1968 separated from the Board of Parole (later the Maryland Parole Commission) (Chapter 457, Acts of 1968). In 1970, the Department reorganized as the Division of Parole and Probation within the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (Chapter 401, Acts of 1970).

The conduct of parolees and adult probationers is supervised by the Division, which conducts investigations for the Maryland Parole Commission, the courts, and the Governor.

Supervision. Supervision and services are provided to offenders based upon the risk of their continued criminal activity. For parolees, probationers, and offenders for whom supervision is mandatory, the Division offers counseling, social casework, and diagnosis of substance abuse and other problems. Citizen volunteers help counsel parolees and probationers to lead law-abiding lives. The Division also regularly informs the Maryland Parole Commission of parolees' activities and notifies the District or Circuit Courts of probationers' activities. At its discretion, the Division recommends that the Commission issue arrest warrants for parole violators. To apprehend probationers charged with violating conditions of their probation, warrants also are requested from the courts.

Investigations. Division investigations help the Maryland Parole Commission determine whether to grant parole. When requested, the Division also conducts investigations for the courts of Maryland, and when the sentencing of a defendant convicted of felony in a Circuit Court may result in the defendant being remanded to the jurisdiction of the Division of Correction or Patuxent Institution. At the direction of the Court of Special Appeals, the Division investigates, reports, and makes recommendations regarding applications for review of criminal sentences. Where a felony offense caused physical, psychological or economic injury, the Division prepares a victim impact statement as part of the presentence investigation. A victim impact statement also is prepared when a misdemeanor offense has caused serious physical injury or death.

At the request of the Governor or the Governor's designee, the Division investigates and reports on persons applying for pardon, commutation of sentence, or clemency. In addition, the Division investigates the home and employment proposals of parolees and probationers from other states wanting to live in Maryland under the Uniform Out-of-State Parolee Supervision Act.

The Director of Parole and Probation is appointed by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services with the approval of the Governor and Senate advice and consent. The Director serves at the pleasure of the Secretary (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 6-101 through 6-205).

Three offices carry out the work of the Division: Administrative Services, Field Operations, and Program Services.

OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

OFFICE OF FIELD OPERATIONS

COMMUNITY SURVEILLANCE & ENFORCEMENT
Community Surveillance and Enforcement originated as the Community Service Program, and reorganized under its present name in 2008. This unit provides the courts with a sentencing alternative to incarceration for nonviolent offenders, such as home detention, drug court, day reporting, boot camps, intensive parole supervision, a regimented offender treatment center, or a re-entry aftercare facility. Through this program, such offenders may be assigned to perform unpaid labor at approved worksites, such as government agencies and charitable and nonprofit organizations in their community. Community service can be ordered as a pretrial diversionary sanction or a post-trial sentencing alternative.

Community Surveillance and Enforcement also oversees the Drinking-Driver Monitoring Program and four units: Case Monitoring; Interstate Compact; Liaison Agent Waiver; and Warrant.

CASE MONITORING UNIT
The Case Monitoring Unit began in June 1994 under the Bureau of Special Services, when it assumed duties previously performed by the field offices. In 2007, the Unit transferred to Community Surveillance and Enforcement. The Unit monitors inactive cases, where the serving of parole or probation is delayed for reasons such as incarceration for a previous crime. Once an inmate is available to serve parole or to be placed on probation, the Unit alerts the field office to supervise the parolee or probationer.

DRINKING-DRIVER MONITORING PROGRAM
In 1983, the Drinking-Driver Monitoring Program began. The Program requires that drivers suffering from alcoholism participate in substance-abuse education or treatment. They also must learn to refrain from driving while under the influence of alcohol or controlled dangerous substances.

INTERSTATE COMPACT UNIT
Formerly under the Bureau of Special Services, the Interstate Compact Unit transferred to Community Surveillance and Enforcement in 2007. The Unit coordinates activities resulting from the Interstate Compact for Supervision of Parolees and Probationers. The Compact is an agreement among the fifty states, the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. Its primary purpose is to provide a systematic way for transferring eligible parolees and probationers from one jurisdiction to another, usually for rehabilitation. At the same time, public safety must be maintained and the instructions of the sentencing court ensured. Each receiving state visits and supervises probationers and parolees of the sending state and is governed in those duties by the same standards that prevail for its own probationers and parolees. Eligible offenders usually have family or responsible friends residing in the receiving state. Before granting permission to transfer parolees and probationers, the receiving state is given an opportunity to investigate the offender's intended residence and prospective employment.

REGIONAL OFFICES OF CRIMINAL SUPERVISION
Regional Offices of Criminal Supervision formed as Offices of Regional Operations in 1980. They reorganized under their present name in 1994. Four regional offices administer the supervision of probationers and parolees by agents assigned to some forty field offices.

OFFICE OF PROGRAM SERVICES

VICTIM SERVICES
Victim Services formed in November 1998 and was made part of the Office of Program Services in 2000. It serves victims of offenders who are being supervised in the community. Its services may include financial assistance; providing current information on the whereabouts of an offender; and aid in dealing with the courts and criminal justice system.

DIVISION OF PRETRIAL DETENTION & SERVICES

The Division of Pretrial Detention and Services was established within the Department in 1991 (Chapter 59, Acts of 1991). At that time, the State assumed responsibility for the Baltimore City Jail and renamed it the Baltimore City Detention Center. Maryland is the only state which has administrative control over a large local detention center.

For those arrested and awaiting trial in criminal proceedings before the District Court or the Circuit Court of Baltimore, the Division administers the Baltimore City Detention Center, and the Central Booking and Intake Center. The Division also oversees Pretrial Release Services for Baltimore.

Appointed by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services with the Governor's approval, the Commissioner of Pretrial Detention and Services heads the Division (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 5-101 through 5-302).

BALTIMORE CITY DETENTION CENTER

The Baltimore City Detention Center originated in the eighteenth century as the Baltimore City Jail. In 1802, it was replaced by a new jail on Mill Street on the east side of Jones Falls. An annex for women inmates was constructed in 1823. The jail structure served until 1860 when a new building opened at Madison Street and Jones Falls. Over the years, the building expanded. In 1960, connective north and south wings were constructed; in 1971, a separate jail for women was built.

By 1991, Baltimore City Jail consisted of seven buildings. Five were maximum- and medium-security structures: the Men's Detention Center; Women's Detention Center; Jail Industries Building; Wyatt Building; and the Annex Building. Minimum-security persons were housed in two satellite facilities: O'Brien House; and the Resident Labor Facility. In 1991, the State took over administration of the Baltimore City Jail and renamed it the Baltimore City Detention Center under the Division of Pretrial Detention and Services (Chapter 59, Acts of 1991).

The Baltimore City Detention Center is one of the largest municipal jails in the nation. Over 20,000 inmates are committed to the Center annually. The daily number of inmates averages over 3,000. The Center is a pretrial detention facility for any person committed or transferred to the custody of the Commissioner of Pretrial Detention and Services. As authorized by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Center also may house any person held in custody by any agency of the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services.

The Warden is appointed by the Commissioner of Pretrial Detention and Services with the approval of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 5-401 through 5-406).

CENTRAL BOOKING & INTAKE CENTER

The Central Booking and Intake Center was first the Central Booking and Intake Facility which opened in July 1995 in Baltimore. All adults arrested in Baltimore are processed (booked) at the Center. Previously, suspects were booked at district police stations. The Center includes Pretrial Release Services; the District Court Commissioners for Baltimore; the Office of State's Attorney for Baltimore; and Baltimore City Police Services (Code Correctional Services Article, sec. 5-404).

Designed to become a statewide criminal justice information network, the Automated Booking System is used by the Center. Currently, six counties and the Center are part of the System. With uniform data entries, the System quickly identifies a detainee, and any previous criminal history or outstanding arrest warrants.

The booking process begins with a bar-coded bracelet assigned to the detainee for tracking purposes. Then, the detainee's personal, descriptive and demographic information is entered into the System. Biometric identification is done by laser-scan digitized fingerprinting and digitized video photos, which can be transmitted electronically for quick comparison.

As the booking process continues, the arresting officer enters data into the System about the arrest and charges. This report goes to an on-site District Court Commissioner who conducts an initial hearing to determine probable cause, set bail, and assign a trial date. After identification, the detainee is interviewed by a pretrial investigator. Booking then is completed. With new technology, the process is expected to take under four hours.

After booking, the detainee either is released on recognizance, posts bail, or is assigned to the Center. For intake, the detainee is issued a new bar code with a Maryland identification number and photograph, and undergoes a video bail review by a judge, eliminating the need to transport suspects to District Court. The efficiency of the process is intended to reduce the number of people jailed before trial and save the costs of housing defendants.

PRETRIAL RELEASE SERVICES

Formerly under the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, the Pretrial Release Services Division became a unit of the Division of Parole and Probation in 1985 (Chapter 725, Acts of 1985). In 1988, the Pretrial Release Services Division was established as a separate division within the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (Chapter 474, Acts of 1988). The Division reorganized as a program within the Division of Pretrial Detention and Services in 1991 (Chapter 59, Acts of 1991).

Pretrial Release Services investigates all defendants awaiting trial in criminal proceedings before the Baltimore City Circuit Court and the District Court of Maryland for Baltimore. The Program then provides the courts with verified information regarding the defendant's ties to the community and special problems such as alcoholism, drug addiction, or residential placement needs. The Program also makes recommendations to the courts regarding pretrial release or detention of defendants awaiting trial.

Of over 50,000 defendants screened annually, the Program supervises and monitors approximately 19,000 defendants for whom the court orders pretrial release. Urine testing surveillance is used for some of these defendants. At trial or in subsequent proceedings, the Program reports to the court on the defendant's compliance with the terms of pretrial release. These compliance reports are used for sentencing decisions and, in some instances, plea bargaining negotiations.

To minimize unnecessary incarceration, the Program develops alternative sanction plans under court supervision, and arbitrates or mediates disputes when requested by the court. Under scrutiny of the courts, the State's Attorney, and the Public Defender or private counsel, the Program presents and defends alternatives to prosecution.

In addition, the Program reviews the status of defendants in pretrial detention in the Baltimore City Detention Center. To reduce overcrowding, the Program recommends options to the court, such as scheduling early trials; monitors writs, detainers, and violations of court orders; and further investigates the feasibility of recognizance or reduced bail for some defendants.

The Director and Deputy Director are appointed by the Commissioner of Pretrial Detention and Services with the approval of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 5-301 through 5-302).

TREATMENT SERVICES

CRIMINAL INJURIES COMPENSATION BOARD

Instituted in 1968, the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board provides financial assistance to victims of crime (Chapter 455, Acts of 1968). The Board administers compensation for innocent persons suffering physical injury or death as a result of criminal acts or in their efforts to prevent crime or apprehend criminals. Claims may be filed with the Board by: an innocent crime victim; a surviving spouse or child of a homicide victim; a person dependent for support on a homicide victim; a victim or surviving family of an international terrorist attack; a victim or surviving family of a hit-and-run or drunk driver; a person killed or injured while trying to prevent a crime and their surviving family; a person killed or injured while giving aid to a law enforcement officer performing official duties; and a person who paid for or assumed responsibility for the funeral expenses of a homicide victim. Awards are made for medical expenses, disability, total and partial dependency, funeral expenses, counseling, and crime scene clean up. The Board maintains an office and staff to investigate and hear claims for awards filed with the Board.

The Board is funded through fees assessed on defendants in Circuit and District courts and funds received through the federal Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) of 1984.

The Board has five members appointed for five-year terms by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services with the Governor's approval and Senate advice and consent. With the approval of the Governor, the Secretary designates the chair. The Board appoints the Executive Director with the approval of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services (Code Criminal Procedure Article, secs. 11-801 through 11-819).

INMATE EDUCATION

INMATE HEALTH SERVICES

In 1997, Inmate Health Services started as the Office of Inmate Health Care, became the Office of Inmate Health Services in 1999 and received its present name in March 2003. Inmate Health Services oversees Continuous Quality Improvement, Health Care Administration, Infection Control, Inmate Mortality and Utilization Management, Medical Contract Audits, and Medical Services.

VICTIM SERVICES

PATUXENT INSTITUTION

Authorized in 1951, Patuxent Institution opened in 1955 under administration by the Department of Correction (Chapter 476, Acts of 1951). The Institution became an autonomous agency under the control of the Board of Patuxent Institution in 1961 (Chapter 629, Acts of 1961). In 1970, the Institution was made part of the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (Chapter 401, Acts of 1970). Patuxent's status has continued as an institution separate from the Division of Correction, and it has retained its own board.

Eligible male and female prisoners who are mentally disordered or physically impaired (including some chronic youthful offenders) are treated and rehabilitated at Patuxent Institution. The Institution offers medical, psychiatric, psychological and social casework services, as well as academic, vocational, recreational and religious services. Treatment also is provided for individuals on pre-parole and parole status.

The Commissioner of Correction may refer a prisoner to Patuxent Institution for evaluation when so recommended by the sentencing court, the State's Attorney of the jurisdiction in which the person was last sentenced, or the staff of the Division of Correction. The Commissioner also may refer prisoners in response to their applications. Each referred prisoner is transferred to the Institution and evaluated by a team consisting of at least three professional employees of the Institution, including at least one psychiatrist, one psychologist, and one social worker. The evaluation team assembles and reviews relevant information and examines the prisoner. The team then determines whether the individual is eligible and states its findings in a report to the Director. If not eligible, the prisoner is returned to the Division of Correction to continue his or her sentence. If eligible, the prisoner remains at Patuxent Institution for treatment.

Appointed by the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Director administers the Institution. Of two Associate Directors, one must be a psychiatrist and one a behavioral scientist. They assist primarily in diagnosis and treatment. The Warden is in charge of custody. By law, the staff also must include at least three additional psychiatrists or clinical psychologists, and at least four trained social workers (Code Correctional Services Article, secs. 4-101 through 4-401).

CITIZENS' ADVISORY BOARD
The Citizens' Advisory Board for Patuxent Institution organized in 1989 (Chapter 6, Acts of 1989). The Board advises the Director of Patuxent Institution and the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services on the operation and programs of Patuxent Institution (Code Correctional Services Article, sec. 4-207).

BOARD OF REVIEW
The Board of Review was created as the Institutional Board of Review for Patuxent Institution in 1951 (Chapter 476, Acts of 1951). The Board reorganized as the Board of Review in 1989 (Chapter 6, Acts of 1989).

Patuxent Institution is the only Maryland State prison to have its own conditional release authority. The Board of Review is that authority. Inmates in either the Eligible Person Program or the Youth Program are subject to jurisdiction of the Board of Review, not the Maryland Parole Commission.

At least annually, the Board reviews the status of each inmate at Patuxent Institution. The Board may grant leave or parole and, if it determines that the individual is no longer eligible for the Institution's programs, it may order the individual transferred to the jurisdiction of the Commissioner of Correction. If a person has successfully completed three years probation without violation, the Board may petition the court to suspend or vacate the remaining sentence.

The Board's nine members include the Director, the Warden, and two Associate Directors of Patuxent Institution. With Senate advice and consent, the Governor appoints five members to serve four-year terms. The Governor names the chair (Code Correctional Services Article, sec. 4-205).

COMMUNITY TREATMENT RE-ENTRY FACILITY

To provide for continuation of treatment, the Patuxent Institution operates the Community Treatment Re-Entry Facility, a halfway house in metropolitan Baltimore. Here, clinic staff offer psychotherapy, job and family counseling, and social casework services for work-release inmates. The Facility also houses an After Care Center for the Correctional Options Program, with clinical guidance through Patuxent Institution.

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